The visit to dam site was organised with the intention to have a practical experience of the theoretical knowledge of Dams and Hydraulics. The practical experience to dam site made me understand every minute specification and detailing done while operating a dam.
The Dhom dam is located on river krishna near dhom village in wai taluka. The main purpose for setting up the dam was for Irrigation purpose. Dhom village is situated at a distance of 37.9 km from Satara city and 7.9 km from Wai. Dhom has epithetic name "Dakshin Kashi" and in old times it was known as "Virat Nagari". The Dhom dam is Earthen/ Gravity Masonry dam.
Specifications of Dam
|
Sr.no
|
Attribute
|
Value
|
|
1
|
Name of dam
|
Dhom Dam
|
|
2
|
Operating and Maintenance agency
|
WRD,GOM
|
|
3
|
Seismic Zone
|
Seismic zone IV
|
|
4
|
Type of Dam
|
Earthen/ Gravity Masonry
|
|
5
|
Total Height of dam above Foundation
|
50m
|
|
6
|
Total Volume Content of Dam ( TCM)
|
6335
|
|
7
|
Design Flood (cumec)
|
2066
|
|
8
|
Type of Spillway
|
Ogee
|
|
9
|
Length of Spillway (m)
|
71
|
|
10
|
Crest level of Spillway (m)
|
741
|
|
11
|
Spillway capacity (cumec)
|
1178.29
|
|
12
|
Type of Spillway Gates
|
Radial
|
|
13
|
No of Spillway Gates
|
5
|
|
14
|
Size of Spillway gates (m x m)
|
12 x 6.5
|
Monitoring & Inspection of Dam.
Inspection of dam plays a very important role on dam site. Inspection are a necessary part of owning and operating a dam since early detection of gradual changes can minimize problems and reduce maintenance costs. Therefore Inspections are made daily, monthly and annually according to the need. Routine inspections are also an opportunity to note any vandalism which may have occurred.
- Daily/ weekly Inspections- In this part the inspection of river flow observations, precipitation records, water level readings, gate operation, seepage monitoring (if present) is done.
- Monthly Inspections- In this part inspection of operating equipment, safety equipment, performance and super-facial structure is done.
- Annual Inspections- In this part the irrigation of Structural part and operating unit is done.
- Detailed Inspections - In this part the detailed survey is conducted by Department of Natural Resources.
Ogee Spillway & Stilling Basin.
A spillway is a structure used to provide the controlled release flow from dams or leave into a down stream.Spillways release the extra water from the dam which helps the dam to maintain its stability and to avoid the flood or failure of dam.
In Dhom dam the ogee spillway was provided to pass the excess of water from dam. The chute spillway is however most common and basic design which transfers the excess water from upstream face to downstream face in control and smooth manner. These are usually design from ogee curve most often they are lined on the bottom and side with concrete to protect the dam and topography.
When the water in reservoir is above its capacity the gates of dam are opened and the excess water is outlet to the downstream side, however at the time of discharge huge energy is been created which is dangerous of scour to the riverbed which may threaten the stability of dam and the neighboring river valley slopes and also the villages located on downstream sides. Therefore stilling basin is constructed on the downstream toe of spillway also know as energy dissipators which helps to absorb or cut the high amount of energy produced.
Gates
The gates are provided on dam site to lock the force of river water and to collect the water from seasonal rivers which can be used at the time of summers to nearby areas for various means. The Radial gates were provided at dhom dam. There were 5 gates of size 12 x 6.5 m. This gates were operated electrically as well as manually too.
The manual operation for gate was set up with bad experience of electric motor failure at the time of heavy discharge of water in past. Therefore the manual operation of gates was also provided for dam to avoid such conditions which affects the stability of dam. The emergency gates were also provided on dam which are used at time of maintenance and repair of regular gates.
Cross Sections of Dam
Canals Provide
There were two canals provided from Dhom dam both transfers the dam water to various taluka's of Satara district for successful operation of irrigation purpose. The Right and Left canal were provided from dhom dam.
Right canal was provided for a distance of 113 km from dhom dam to various taluka's of Satara district. The capacity of right canal is 230 cumec.
left canal was provided for a distance of 166 km from dhom dam to various taluka's of satara district. The capacity of left canal is 750 cumec.
Photos at Dam Site
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